For what purpose are executive agreements typically utilized?

Executive agreements are primarily utilized for routine, non-controversial international agreements because they allow the executive branch, typically the President, to engage in diplomatic relations without the need for a lengthy and often contentious ratification process required for treaties. Unlike treaties, which require a two-thirds majority approval from the Senate, executive agreements can be made unilaterally and are often used to manage day-to-day international relations, such as trade agreements, technical cooperation, and other collaborative efforts that do not stir significant political debate or public interest.

In contrast, the other options involve more complex procedures and higher stakes. International treaties often encompass significant or controversial issues, requiring thorough Senate evaluation and debate. Military alliances are typically formalized through treaties as well, due to their strategic implications. Regulating trade tariffs, while it can involve executive agreements, usually falls under legislative authority, needing congressional action to amend tariffs or trade policies. Thus, executive agreements serve as a practical tool for the executive branch to streamline processes in less contentious areas.