What is the primary function of the Federal Reserve?

The primary function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate monetary policy for economic stability. This involves managing interest rates and controlling the money supply in the economy to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. By adjusting these factors, the Federal Reserve can influence economic activity, ensuring that the economy grows at a sustainable rate while preventing inflation or deflation. This central banking system plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable financial environment which is essential for the overall health of the economy.

The other options provided do not pertain to the core responsibilities of the Federal Reserve. For example, overseeing federal elections is a duty of the Election Assistance Commission and state election officials, while managing the national education system is primarily a function of state governments and the Department of Education. Similarly, enforcing immigration laws falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. Therefore, the role of the Federal Reserve is distinct and primarily focused on regulating monetary policy.