Which document outlines the powers and responsibilities of the Executive Branch?

The United States Constitution is the foundational document that outlines the powers and responsibilities of the Executive Branch. Specifically, Article II of the Constitution details the role of the President, who heads the Executive Branch, along with the powers granted to the president, such as executing federal laws, commanding the military, conducting foreign policy, and appointing federal officers.

In this context, the Constitution not only establishes the framework for the Executive Branch but also delineates the checks and balances between the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches, highlighting its importance in the functioning of the U.S. government. The other documents mentioned do not provide the same level of detail regarding the structure and functions of the Executive Branch; for example, the Declaration of Independence articulates the colonies' reasons for seeking independence rather than governmental structure, the Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution but lacked a strong executive, and the Bill of Rights primarily focuses on individual liberties and protections from government overreach.